---
kind: "section"
citation: "42 U.S.C. § 9843"
title: "42"
title_heading: "The Public Health and Welfare"
number: "9843"
heading: "Technical assistance and training"
release: "119-102"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/42/9843"
units:
  - "Chapter 105 — Community Services Programs"
  - "Subchapter II — Head Start Programs"
---

# §9843. Technical assistance and training

- (a) **Secretarial training and technical assistance—**
  - (1) **Authority—** From the [funds](/usc/42/12854.md?p=3) provided under [section 9835(a)(2)(C)(i) of this title](/usc/42/9835.md?p=a-2-C-i), the [Secretary](/usc/42/9832.md?p=24) shall provide, directly or through grants, contracts, or other [agreements](/usc/42/1320b–8.md?p=a-3-A) or arrangements as the [Secretary](/usc/42/9832.md?p=24) considers appropriate, technical assistance and [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) for Head Start [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) for the purposes of improving [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) quality and helping prepare [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) to succeed in [school](/usc/42/6372.md?p=1).
  - (2) **Process—** The process for determining the technical assistance and [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) activities to be carried out under this section shall—
    - (A) ensure that the needs of local Head Start agencies and [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) relating to improving [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) quality and to [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) expansion are addressed to the maximum extent practicable; and
    - (B) incorporate mechanisms to ensure responsiveness to local needs, including an ongoing procedure for obtaining input from the individuals and agencies carrying out Head Start [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4).
  - (3) **Activities—** In providing [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) and technical assistance and for allocating resources for such assistance under this section, the [Secretary](/usc/42/9832.md?p=24) shall—
    - (A) give priority consideration to—
      - (i) activities to correct [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) and management [deficiencies](/usc/42/9832.md?p=2) identified through reviews carried out pursuant to [section 9836a(c) of this title](/usc/42/9836a.md?p=c) (including the provision of assistance to local [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) in the development of quality improvement plans under [section 9836a(d)(2) of this title](/usc/42/9836a.md?p=d-2));
      - (ii) assisting Head Start agencies in ensuring the [school](/usc/42/6372.md?p=1) readiness of [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2); and
      - (iii) activities that supplement those funded with amounts provided under [section 9835(a)(5)(B) of this title](/usc/42/9835.md?p=a-5-B) to address the [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) and career development needs of classroom staff (including instruction for providing services to [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) with disabilities[^1] and non-classroom staff, including home visitors and other staff working directly with [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11), including [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) relating to increasing [parent](/usc/42/1396a.md?p=k-3) involvement and services designed to increase [family](/usc/42/290ff–4.md?p=d-2) literacy and improve parenting skills; and
    - (B) to the maximum extent practicable—
      - (i) assist Head Start agencies in the development of collaborative [initiatives](/usc/42/19131.md?p=1) with [States](/usc/42/9832.md?p=25) and other entities within the [States](/usc/42/9832.md?p=25), to foster effective [professional development](/usc/42/9832.md?p=21) systems for early childhood education and development services;
      - (ii) provide technical assistance and [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2), either directly or through a grant, contract, or cooperative [agreement](/usc/42/1320b–8.md?p=a-3-A) with an entity that has experience in the development and operation of successful [family literacy services](/usc/42/9832.md?p=4) [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4), for the purpose of—
        - (I) assisting Head Start agencies providing [family literacy services](/usc/42/9832.md?p=4), in order to improve the quality of such [family literacy services](/usc/42/9832.md?p=4); and
        - (II) enabling those Head Start agencies that demonstrate effective provision of [family literacy services](/usc/42/9832.md?p=4), based on improved outcomes for [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) and their [parents](/usc/42/1396a.md?p=k-3), to provide technical assistance and [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) to other Head Start agencies and to service providers that work in collaboration with such agencies to provide [family literacy services](/usc/42/9832.md?p=4);
      - (iii) assist Head Start agencies and [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) in conducting and participating in communitywide strategic planning and needs assessments, including the needs of [homeless children](/usc/42/9832.md?p=11) and their [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11), and in conducting self-assessments;
      - (iv) assist Head Start agencies and [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) in developing and implementing full-working-day and [full calendar year](/usc/42/9832.md?p=6) [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) where community need is clearly identified and making the transition to such [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4), with particular attention to involving [parents](/usc/42/1396a.md?p=k-3) and programming for [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) throughout the day, and assist the agencies and [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) in expediting the sharing of information about innovative models for providing full-working-day, [full calendar year](/usc/42/9832.md?p=6) services for [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2);
      - (v) assist Head Start agencies in better serving the needs of [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11) with very young [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2), including providing support and [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) planning and implementation assistance for Head Start agencies that apply to serve or are serving additional infants and toddlers, in accordance with [section 9840(a)(5) of this title](/usc/42/9840.md?p=a-5);
      - (vi) assist Head Start agencies and [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) in the development of sound management [practices](/usc/42/17061.md?p=19), including financial management procedures;
      - (vii) assist in efforts to secure and maintain adequate [facilities](/usc/42/11049.md?p=4) for Head Start [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4);
      - (viii) assist Head Start agencies in developing innovative [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) models, including mobile and home-based [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4);
      - (ix) provide support for Head Start agencies (including policy [councils](/usc/42/300f.md?p=9) and policy committees) that meet the [standards](/usc/42/1320d.md?p=7) described in [section 9836a(a) of this title](/usc/42/9836a.md?p=a) but that have, as documented by the [Secretary](/usc/42/9832.md?p=24) through reviews conducted pursuant to [section 9836a(c) of this title](/usc/42/9836a.md?p=c), programmatic, quality, and fiscal issues to address;
      - (x) assist Head Start agencies and [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) in improving outreach to, increasing [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) participation of, and improving the quality of services available to meet the unique needs of—
        - (I) [homeless children](/usc/42/9832.md?p=11);
        - (II) [limited English proficient](/usc/42/9832.md?p=15) [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) and their [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11), particularly in communities that have experienced a large percentage increase in the population of [limited English proficient](/usc/42/9832.md?p=15) individuals, as measured by the Bureau of the Census; and
        - (III) [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) with disabilities, particularly if such [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4)’s enrollment opportunities or funded enrollment for [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) with disabilities is less than 10 percent;
      - (xi) assist Head Start agencies and [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) to increase the capacity of classroom staff to meet the needs of eligible [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) in [Head Start classrooms](/usc/42/9832.md?p=8) that are serving both [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) with disabilities and [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) without disabilities;
      - (xii) assist Head Start agencies and [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) to address the unique needs of [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) located in rural communities, including—
        - (I) removing barriers related to the recruitment and retention of Head Start teachers in rural communities;
        - (II) developing innovative and effective models of [professional development](/usc/42/9832.md?p=21) for improving staff qualifications and skills for staff living in rural communities;
        - (III) removing barriers related to outreach efforts to eligible [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11) in rural communities;
        - (IV) removing barriers to [parent](/usc/42/1396a.md?p=k-3) involvement in Head Start [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) in rural communities;
        - (V) removing barriers to providing home visiting services in rural communities; and
        - (VI) removing barriers to obtaining [health](/usc/42/9852c.md?p=c) screenings for Head Start participants in rural communities;
      - (xiii) provide [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) and technical assistance to members of governing bodies, policy [councils](/usc/42/300f.md?p=9), and, as appropriate, policy committees, to ensure that the members can fulfill their functions;
      - (xiv) provide activities that help ensure that Head Start [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) have qualified staff who can promote prevention of childhood obesity by integrating developmentally appropriate research-based [initiatives](/usc/42/19131.md?p=1) that stress the importance of physical activity and healthy, nutritional choices in daily classroom and [family](/usc/42/290ff–4.md?p=d-2) routines;
      - (xv) assist [Indian](/usc/42/6862.md?p=6) Head Start agencies to provide on-site and off-site [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) to staff, using approaches that identify and enhance the positive resources and strengths of [Indian](/usc/42/6862.md?p=6) [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) and [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11), to improve [parent](/usc/42/1396a.md?p=k-3) and [family](/usc/42/290ff–4.md?p=d-2) engagement and staff development, particularly with regard to [child](/usc/42/416.md?p=e) and [family](/usc/42/290ff–4.md?p=d-2) development; and
      - (xvi) assisting Head Start agencies in selecting and using the measures described in [section 9836a(b) of this title](/usc/42/9836a.md?p=b).
- (b) **Additional support—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/9832.md?p=24) shall provide, either directly or through grants, contracts or other arrangements, [funds](/usc/42/12854.md?p=3) from [section 9835(a)(2)(C)(i)(II)(cc) of this title](/usc/42/9835.md?p=a-2-C-i-II-cc) to—
  - (1) support an organization to administer a centralized [child](/usc/42/416.md?p=e) development and national [assessment program](/usc/42/10362.md?p=3) leading to recognized credentials for personnel working in early childhood education and development [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4); and
  - (2) support [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) for personnel—
    - (A) providing services to [limited English proficient](/usc/42/9832.md?p=15) [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) and their [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11) (including services to promote the acquisition of the English language);
    - (B) providing services to [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) determined to be abused or neglected or [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) referred by or receiving [child](/usc/42/416.md?p=e) welfare services;
    - (C) in helping [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) cope with community violence;
    - (D) to recognize common [health](/usc/42/9852c.md?p=c), including mental [health](/usc/42/9852c.md?p=c), problems in [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) for appropriate referral;
    - (E) to address the needs of [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) with disabilities and their [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11);
    - (F) to address the needs of migrant and seasonal farmworker [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11); and
    - (G) to address the needs of homeless [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11).
- (c) **Outreach—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/9832.md?p=24) shall develop and implement a [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) of outreach to recruit and train professionals from diverse backgrounds to become Head Start teachers in order to reflect the communities in which Head Start [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) live and to increase the provision of quality services and instruction to [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) with diverse backgrounds.
- (d) **Funds to agencies—** [Funds](/usc/42/12854.md?p=3) made available under [section 9835(a)(2)(C)(i)(II)(aa) of this title](/usc/42/9835.md?p=a-2-C-i-II-aa) shall be used by a Head Start agency to provide high-quality, sustained, and intensive [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) and technical assistance as follows:
  - (1) For 1 or more of the following:
    - (A) Activities that ensure that Head Start [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) meet or exceed the [standards](/usc/42/1320d.md?p=7) described in [section 9836a(a)(1) of this title](/usc/42/9836a.md?p=a-1).
    - (B) Activities that ensure that Head Start [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) have adequate numbers of trained, qualified staff who have skills in working with [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) and [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11), including [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) and [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11) who are [limited English proficient](/usc/42/9832.md?p=15) and [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) with disabilities and their [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11).
    - (C) Activities to improve the management and implementation of Head Start services and systems, including direct [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) for expert consultants working with staff.
    - (D) Activities that help ensure that Head Start [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) have qualified staff who can promote language skills and literacy growth of [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) and who can provide [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) with a variety of skills that have been identified as predictive of later reading achievement, [school](/usc/42/6372.md?p=1) success, and the skills, knowledge, abilities, development, and progress described in [section 9836a(a)(1)(B)(ii) of this title](/usc/42/9836a.md?p=a-1-B-ii).
    - (E) Activities to improve staff qualifications and to assist with the implementation of career development [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) and to encourage the staff to continually improve their skills and expertise, including developing partnerships with [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) that recruit, train, place, and support college students in Head Start centers to deliver an innovative early learning [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) to preschool [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2).
    - (F) Activities that help local [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) ensure that the arrangement, condition, and implementation of the learning environments in Head Start [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) are conducive to providing effective [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) services to [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) and [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11).
    - (G) Activities to provide [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) necessary to improve the qualifications of Head Start staff and to support staff [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2), [child](/usc/42/416.md?p=e) counseling, [health](/usc/42/9852c.md?p=c) services, and other services necessary to address the needs of [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) enrolled in Head Start [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4), including [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) from [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11) in crises, [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) who experience chronic violence or homelessness, [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) who experience substance abuse in their [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11), and [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) under 3 years of age, where applicable.
    - (H) Activities to provide classes or in-service-type [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) to improve or enhance parenting skills, job skills, and adult and [family](/usc/42/290ff–4.md?p=d-2) literacy, including financial literacy, or [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) to become a classroom aide or bus driver in a Head Start [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4).
    - (I) Additional activities deemed appropriate to the improvement of Head Start [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4), as determined by the technical assistance and [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) plans of the Head Start agencies.
  - (2) To support enhanced early language and literacy development of [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) in Head Start [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4), and to provide the [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) with high-quality oral language skills and with environments that are rich in literature in which to acquire language and early literacy skills. Each Head Start agency, in consultation with the [State](/usc/42/9832.md?p=25)-based [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) and technical assistance system, as appropriate, shall ensure that—
    - (A) all of the agency’s Head Start teachers receive ongoing [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) in language and emergent literacy (referred to in this subsection as “literacy [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2)”), including appropriate curricula and assessment to improve instruction and learning;
    - (B) such literacy [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) shall include [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) in methods to promote vocabulary development and phonological awareness (including phonemic awareness) in a developmentally, culturally, and linguistically appropriate manner and support [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2)’s development in their native language;
    - (C) the literacy [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) shall include [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) in how to work with [parents](/usc/42/1396a.md?p=k-3) to enhance positive language and early literacy development at home;
    - (D) the literacy [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) shall include specific methods to best address the needs of [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) who are [limited English proficient](/usc/42/9832.md?p=15);
    - (E) the literacy [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) shall include [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) on how to best address the language and literacy needs of [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) with disabilities, including [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) on how to work with specialists in language development; and
    - (F) the literacy [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) shall be tailored to the early childhood literacy background and experience of the teachers involved;

    except that [funds](/usc/42/12854.md?p=3) made available under [section 9835(a)(2)(C)(i) of this title](/usc/42/9835.md?p=a-2-C-i) shall not be used for long-distance travel expenses for [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) activities available locally or regionally or for [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) activities substantially similar to locally or regionally available [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) activities.

- (e) **State-based training and technical assistance system—** For the purposes of delivering a [State](/usc/42/9832.md?p=25)-based [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) and technical assistance system (which may include a [consortium](/usc/42/16282.md?p=d-4) of 2 or more [States](/usc/42/9832.md?p=25) within a region) or a national system in the case of migrant or seasonal Head Start and [Indian](/usc/42/6862.md?p=6) Head Start [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4), as described in [section 9835(a)(2)(C)(i)(II)(bb) of this title](/usc/42/9835.md?p=a-2-C-i-II-bb), that will meet the needs of local grantees, as determined by such grantees, and provide high-quality, sustained, and intensive [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) and technical assistance to Head Start agencies and [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) in order to improve their capacity to deliver services that meet or exceed the [standards](/usc/42/1320d.md?p=7) described in [section 9836a(a)(1) of this title](/usc/42/9836a.md?p=a-1), the [Secretary](/usc/42/9832.md?p=24) shall—
  - (1) enter into contracts in each [State](/usc/42/9832.md?p=25) with 1 or more entities that have a demonstrated expertise in supporting the delivery of high-quality early childhood education and development [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4), except that contracts for a [consortium](/usc/42/16282.md?p=d-4) of 2 or more [States](/usc/42/9832.md?p=25) within a geographic region may be entered into if such a system is more appropriate to better meet the needs of local grantees within a region, as determined by such grantees;
  - (2) ensure that the entities described in [subparagraph (1)](#e-1) determine the types of services to be provided through consultation with—
    - (A) local Head Start agencies (including [Indian](/usc/42/6862.md?p=6) Head Start agencies and migrant or seasonal Head Start agencies, as appropriate);
    - (B) the [State](/usc/42/9832.md?p=25) Head Start collaboration [office](/usc/42/3058f.md?p=1); and
    - (C) the [State](/usc/42/9832.md?p=25) Head Start Association;
  - (3) encourage [States](/usc/42/9832.md?p=25) to supplement the [funds](/usc/42/12854.md?p=3) authorized in [section 9835(a)(2)(C)(i)(II)(bb) of this title](/usc/42/9835.md?p=a-2-C-i-II-bb) with Federal, [State](/usc/42/9832.md?p=25), or local [funds](/usc/42/12854.md?p=3) other than [funds](/usc/42/12854.md?p=3) made available under this subchapter, to expand [training](/usc/42/285e–2.md?p=b-2) and technical assistance activities beyond Head Start agencies to include other providers of other early childhood education and development [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) within a [State](/usc/42/9832.md?p=25);
  - (4) provide a report to the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of [Representatives](/usc/42/3058f.md?p=5) and the Committee on [Health](/usc/42/9852c.md?p=c), Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, not later than 90 days after the end of the fiscal year, summarizing the funding for such contracts and the activities carried out thereunder;
  - (5) periodically evaluate the effectiveness of the delivery of services in each [State](/usc/42/9832.md?p=25) in promoting [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) quality; and
  - (6) ensure that in entering into such contracts as described in [paragraph (1)](#e-1), such entities will address the needs of grantees in both urban and rural communities.
- (f) **Indoor air quality—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/9832.md?p=24) shall consult with appropriate Federal agencies and other experts, as appropriate, on issues of air quality related to [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2)’s [health](/usc/42/9852c.md?p=c) and inform Head Start agencies of existing [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) or combination of [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) that provide methods for improving indoor air quality.
- (g) **Career advancement partnership program—**
  - (1) **Authority—** From amounts allocated under [section 9835(a)(2)(C) of this title](/usc/42/9835.md?p=a-2-C) the [Secretary](/usc/42/9832.md?p=24) is authorized to award demonstration grants, for a period of not less than 5 years, to historically Black colleges and universities, [Hispanic-serving institutions](#g-4-A), and Tribal Colleges and Universities—
    - (A) to implement education [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) that increase the number of associate, baccalaureate, and graduate degrees in early childhood education and related fields that are earned by Head Start agency staff members, [parents](/usc/42/1396a.md?p=k-3) of [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) served by such agencies, and members of the communities involved;
    - (B) to provide assistance for stipends and costs related to tuition, fees, and books for enrolling Head Start agency staff members, [parents](/usc/42/1396a.md?p=k-3) of [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) served by such an agency, and members of the communities involved in courses required to complete the degree and certification requirement to become teachers in early childhood education and related fields;
    - (C) to develop [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) curricula to promote high-quality services and instruction to [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) with diverse backgrounds, including—
      - (i) in the case of historically Black colleges and universities, to help Head Start Agency staff members develop skills and expertise needed to teach in [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) serving large numbers of African American [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2);
      - (ii) in the case of [Hispanic-serving institutions](#g-4-A), [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) to help Head Start Agency staff members develop skills and expertise needed to teach in [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) serving large numbers of Hispanic [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2), including [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) to develop the linguistic skills and expertise needed to teach in [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) serving a large number of [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) with limited English proficiency; and
      - (iii) in the case of Tribal Colleges and Universities, to help Head Start Agency staff members develop skills and expertise needed to teach in [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) serving large numbers of [Indian](/usc/42/6862.md?p=6) [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2), including [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) concerning tribal culture and language;
    - (D) to provide other activities to upgrade the skills and qualifications of educational personnel to meet the professional [standards](/usc/42/1320d.md?p=7) in [subsection (a)](#a) to better promote high-quality services and instruction to [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) and [parents](/usc/42/1396a.md?p=k-3) from populations served by historically Black colleges and universities, [Hispanic-serving institutions](#g-4-A), or Tribal Colleges and Universities;
    - (E) to provide technology literacy [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) for [Indian](/usc/42/6862.md?p=6) Head Start agency staff members and [families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11) of [children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) served by such agency; and
    - (F) to develop and implement the [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) described under [subparagraph (A)](#g-1-A) in technology-mediated formats, including through such means as distance learning and use of advanced technology, as appropriate.
  - (2) **Other assistance—** The [Secretary](/usc/42/9832.md?p=24) shall, using resources within the Department of [Health](/usc/42/9852c.md?p=c) and Human Services—
    - (A) provide appropriate technical assistance to historically Black colleges and universities, [Hispanic-serving institutions](#g-4-A), and Tribal Colleges and Universities receiving grants under this section, including coordinating with the White House [Initiative](/usc/42/19131.md?p=1) on historically Black colleges and universities; and
    - (B) ensure that the American [Indian](/usc/42/6862.md?p=6) [Programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) Branch of the [Office](/usc/42/3058f.md?p=1) of Head Start of the Administration for [Children](/usc/42/256e.md?p=g-2) and [Families](/usc/42/12704.md?p=11) of the Department of [Health](/usc/42/9852c.md?p=c) and Human Services can effectively administer the [programs](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) under this section and provide appropriate technical assistance to Tribal Colleges and Universities under this section.
  - (3) **Application—** Each [historically Black college or university](#g-4-B), [Hispanic-serving institution](#g-4-A), or [Tribal College or University](#g-4-C) desiring a grant under this section shall submit an application, in partnership with at least 1 Head Start agency enrolling large numbers of students from the populations served by historically Black colleges and universities, [Hispanic-serving institutions](#g-4-A), or Tribal Colleges and Universities, to the [Secretary](/usc/42/9832.md?p=24), at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the [Secretary](/usc/42/9832.md?p=24) may require, including a certification that the [institution of higher education](/usc/42/9832.md?p=13) has established a formal partnership with 1 or more Head Start agencies for the purposes of conducting the activities described in [paragraph (1)](#g-1).
  - (4) **Definitions—** In this subsection:
    - (A) The term “Hispanic-serving institution” has the meaning given such term in [section 1101a of title 20](/usc/20/1101a.md).
    - (B) The term “historically Black college or university” has the meaning given the term “part B institution” in [section 1061(2) of title 20](/usc/20/1061.md?p=2).
    - (C) The term “Tribal College or University” has the meaning given such term in [section 1059c(b) of title 20](/usc/20/1059c.md?p=b).
  - (5) **Teaching requirement—** A student at an institution receiving a grant under this subsection who receives assistance under a [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) funded under this subsection shall teach in a center-based Head Start [program](/usc/42/274l–1.md?p=4) for a period of time equivalent to the period for which they received assistance or shall repay such assistance.

## Footnotes

[^1]: So in original. Probably should be followed by a closing parenthesis.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 97–35, title VI, § 648, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 505; Pub. L. 98–558, title I, § 106, Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2879; Pub. L. 101–501, title I, § 116(a), Nov. 3, 1990, 104 Stat. 1232; Pub. L. 102–586, § 7(b), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5035; Pub. L. 103–252, title I, § 114, May 18, 1994, 108 Stat. 642; Pub. L. 105–285, title I, § 114, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2721; Pub. L. 110–134, § 18, Dec. 12, 2007, 121 Stat. 1423; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, § 9215(nn)(5), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2177.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 114–95 struck out “, and for activities described in section 6372(d) of title 20),” after “children with disabilities”.

2007—Pub. L. 110–134 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to, in subsec. (a), technical assistance and personnel training, in subsec. (b), consideration of local needs, in subsec. (c), prioritization of resource allocation, in subsec. (d), training in performing and visual arts and electronic media, and, in subsec. (e), child development and assessment program.

1998—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(a)(1), added par. (3).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(a)(2)(A), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “give priority consideration to activities to correct program and management deficiencies identified through reviews pursuant to section 9836a(c) of this title (including the provision of assistance to local programs in the development of quality improvement plans under section 9836a(d)(2) of this title);”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(a)(2)(B), inserted “supplement amounts provided under section 9835(a)(3)(C)(ii) of this title in order to” after “(2)”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(a)(2)(G), added par. (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (5).

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(a)(2)(G), added par. (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (6).

Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(a)(2)(C), inserted “and implementing” after “developing” and substituted “the day, and assist the agencies and programs in expediting the sharing of information about innovative models for providing full-working-day, full calendar year services for children” for “a longer day” before semicolon.

Subsec. (c)(5), (6). Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(a)(2)(F), redesignated pars. (3) and (4) as (5) and (6), respectively. Former pars. (5) and (6) redesignated (7) and (8), respectively.

Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(a)(2)(F), redesignated par. (5) as (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (9).

Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(a)(2)(D), struck out “and” at end.

Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(a)(2)(F), redesignated par. (6) as (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (10).

Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(a)(2)(E), substituted “; and” for period at end.

Subsec. (c)(9), (10). Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(a)(2)(F), redesignated pars. (7) and (8) as (9) and (10), respectively.

Subsec. (c)(11). Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(a)(2)(H), added par. (11).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–285, § 114(b), inserted “(including services to promote the acquisition of the English language)” after “non-English language background children”.

1994—Pub. L. 103–252, § 114(1), substituted “Technical assistance and training” for “Technical assistance, training, and staff qualifications” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–252, § 114(3)(A), redesignated as subsec. (e) the last sentence which read as follows: “The Secretary shall provide, either directly or through grants or other arrangements, funds from programs authorized under this subchapter to support an organization to administer a centralized child development and national assessment program leading to recognized credentials for personnel working in early childhood development and child care programs, training for personnel providing services to non-English language background children, training for personnel in helping children cope with community violence, and resource access projects for personnel working with disabled children.”

Pub. L. 103–252, § 114(2), substituted “(2) training for specialized or other personnel needed in connection with Head Start programs, in accordance with the process, and the provisions for allocating resources, set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of this section. The Secretary shall provide, either directly or through grants or other arrangements,” for “(2) training for specialized or other personnel needed in connection with Head Start programs, including”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–252, § 114(4), (5), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to teacher qualifications and waiver of same.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–252, § 114(4), (5), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to Secretary developing systematic approach to training Head Start personnel and reporting on such approach to Congress.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–252, § 114(6), inserted at end “Special consideration shall be given to entities that have demonstrated effectiveness in educational programming for preschool children that includes components for parental involvement, care provider training, and developmentally appropriate related activities.”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–252, § 114(3), redesignated last sentence of subsec. (a) as (e).

1992—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–586, § 7(b)(1), substituted “funds from programs authorized under this subchapter to support an organization to administer a centralized child development and national assessment program leading to recognized credentials for personnel working in early childhood development and child care programs, training for personnel providing services to non-English language background children, training for personnel in helping children cope with community violence, and resource access projects for personnel working with disabled” for “a centralized child development training and national assessment program which may be administered at the State or local level leading to recognized credentials for such personnel, training for personnel providing services to non-English language background children, and resource access projects for personnel of handicapped”.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 102–586, § 7(b)(2), added subsecs. (c) and (d).

1990—Pub. L. 101–501 substituted “Technical assistance, training, and staff qualifications” for “Technical assistance and training” in section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted “training for personnel providing services to non-English language background children,” after “such personnel,” in cl. (2), and added subsec. (b).

1984—Pub. L. 98–558 substituted “shall” for “may” and inserted provision including a centralized child development training and national assessment program.

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Change of Name

Committee on Education and Labor of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Education and the Workforce of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

### Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education.

### Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–252 effective May 18, 1994, but not applicable to Head Start agencies and other recipients of financial assistance under the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.) until Oct. 1, 1994, see section 127 of Pub. L. 103–252, set out as a note under section 9832 of this title.

### Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–501 effective Oct. 1, 1990, see section 1001(a) of Pub. L. 101–501, set out as a note under section 8621 of this title.

### Head Start Training Improvement

Pub. L. 102–586, § 7(a), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5034, provided that: “It is the purpose of this section— to promote continued access for Head Start and other early childhood staff to the Child Development Associate credential; to increase the ability of Head Start staff to address the problems facing Head Start families; to create a systematic approach to training, thereby improving the quality of Head Start instruction and using training funds more efficiently and effectively; and to allow the use of training funds for creative approaches to learning for children.”