--- kind: "range" citation: "33 U.S.C. §§ 495–498" title: "33" from: "495" to: "498" count: 4 release: "119-102" url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/33/495..498" --- # §495. Violations of orders respecting bridges and accessory works - (a) **Criminal penalties for violation; misdemeanor; fine; new offenses; jurisdiction: suits for recovery of removal expenses, enforcement of removal, and obstruction-to-navigation causes or questions—** Any persons who shall willfully fail or refuse to comply with the lawful order of the [Secretary](/usc/33/426h–1.md?p=2) of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating or the Chief of Engineers, made in accordance with the provisions of sections [491 to 494](/usc/33/491..494.md) and [495 to 498](/usc/33/495..498.md) of this title, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall be punished in any court of competent jurisdiction by a fine not exceeding $5,000, and every month such persons shall remain in default shall be deemed a new offense and subject such persons to additional penalties therefor; and in addition to the penalties above described the [Secretary](/usc/33/426h–1.md?p=2) of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating and the Chief of Engineers may, upon refusal of the persons owning or controlling any such bridge and accessory works to comply with any lawful order issued by the [Secretary](/usc/33/426h–1.md?p=2) of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating or Chief of Engineers in regard thereto, cause the removal of such bridge and accessory works at the expense of the persons owning or controlling such bridge, and suit for such expense may be brought in the name of the United States against such persons, and recovery had for such expense in any court of competent jurisdiction; and the removal of any structures erected or maintained in violation of the provisions of said sections or the order or direction of the [Secretary](/usc/33/426h–1.md?p=2) of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating or Chief of Engineers made in pursuance thereof may be enforced by injunction, mandamus, or other summary process, upon application to the district court in the district in which such structure may, in whole or in part, exist, and proper proceedings to this end may be instituted under the direction of the Attorney General of the United States at the request of the [Secretary](/usc/33/426h–1.md?p=2) of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating; and in case of any litigation arising from any obstruction or alleged obstruction to navigation created by the [construction](/usc/33/426e.md?p=c) of any bridge under said sections, the cause or question arising may be tried before the district court of the United States in any district which any portion of said obstruction or bridge touches. - (b) **Civil penalties for violation; separate offenses; notice and hearing; assessment, collection, and remission; civil actions—** Whoever violates any provision of sections [491 to 494](/usc/33/491..494.md) and [495 to 498](/usc/33/495..498.md) of this title, or any order issued under sections [491 to 494](/usc/33/491..494.md) and [495 to 498](/usc/33/495..498.md) of this title, shall be liable to a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 for a violation occurring in 2008 and any year thereafter. Each day a violation continues shall be deemed a separate offense. No penalty may be assessed under this subsection until the person charged is given notice and an opportunity for a hearing on the charge. The [Secretary](/usc/33/426h–1.md?p=2) of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating may assess and collect any civil penalty incurred under this subsection and, in his discretion, may remit, mitigate, or compromise any penalty until the matter is referred to the Attorney General. If a person against whom a civil penalty is assessed under this subsection fails to pay that penalty, an action may be commenced in the district court of the United States for any district in which the violation occurs for such penalty. # §496. Time for commencement and completion of bridge Whenever Congress shall after March 23, 1906, by law authorize the [construction](/usc/33/426e.md?p=c) of any bridge over or across any of the navigable waters of the United States, and no time for the commencement and completion of such bridge is named in said Act, the authority thereby granted shall cease and be null and void unless the actual [construction](/usc/33/426e.md?p=c) of the bridge authorized in such Act be commenced within one year and completed within three years from the date of the passage of such Act. # §497. “Persons” defined The word “persons” as used in sections [491 to 494](/usc/33/491..494.md) and [495 to 498](/usc/33/495..498.md) of this title, shall be construed to import both the singular and the plural, as the case demands, and shall include [municipalities](/usc/33/1362.md?p=4), quasi-municipal corporations, corporations, companies, and associations. # §498. Reservation of right to alter or repeal The right to alter, amend, or repeal sections [491 to 494](/usc/33/491..494.md) and [495 to 498](/usc/33/495..498.md) of this title, is expressly reserved as to any and all bridges which may be built in accordance with the provisions of said sections, and the United States shall incur no liability for the alteration, amendment, or repeal thereof to the owner or owners or any other persons interested in any bridge which shall have been constructed in accordance with its provisions.