---
kind: "section"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 4102"
title: "28"
title_heading: "Judiciary and Judicial Procedure"
number: "4102"
heading: "Recognition of foreign defamation judgments"
release: "119-102"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/28/4102"
units:
  - "Part VI — Particular Proceedings"
  - "Chapter 181 — Foreign Judgments"
---

# §4102. Recognition of foreign defamation judgments

- (a) **First Amendment Considerations.—**
  - (1) **In general.—** Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal or [State](/usc/28/4101.md?p=5) law, a [domestic court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=2) shall not recognize or enforce a [foreign judgment](/usc/28/4101.md?p=4) for [defamation](/usc/28/4101.md?p=1) unless the [domestic court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=2) determines that—
    - (A) the [defamation](/usc/28/4101.md?p=1) law applied in the [foreign court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=3)’s adjudication provided at least as much protection for freedom of speech and press in that case as would be provided by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States and by the constitution and law of the [State](/usc/28/4101.md?p=5) in which the [domestic court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=2) is located; or
    - (B) even if the [defamation](/usc/28/4101.md?p=1) law applied in the [foreign court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=3)’s adjudication did not provide as much protection for freedom of speech and press as the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States and the constitution and law of the [State](/usc/28/4101.md?p=5), the party opposing recognition or enforcement of that [foreign judgment](/usc/28/4101.md?p=4) would have been found liable for [defamation](/usc/28/4101.md?p=1) by a [domestic court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=2) applying the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States and the constitution and law of the [State](/usc/28/4101.md?p=5) in which the [domestic court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=2) is located.
  - (2) **Burden of establishing application of defamation laws.—** The party seeking recognition or enforcement of the [foreign judgment](/usc/28/4101.md?p=4) shall bear the burden of making the showings required under subparagraph (A) or (B).
- (b) **Jurisdictional Considerations.—**
  - (1) **In general.—** Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal or [State](/usc/28/4101.md?p=5) law, a [domestic court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=2) shall not recognize or enforce a [foreign judgment](/usc/28/4101.md?p=4) for [defamation](/usc/28/4101.md?p=1) unless the [domestic court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=2) determines that the exercise of personal jurisdiction by the [foreign court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=3) comported with the due process requirements that are imposed on [domestic courts](/usc/28/4101.md?p=2) by the Constitution of the United States.
  - (2) **Burden of establishing exercise of jurisdiction.—** The party seeking recognition or enforcement of the [foreign judgment](/usc/28/4101.md?p=4) shall bear the burden of making the showing that the [foreign court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=3)’s exercise of personal jurisdiction comported with the due process requirements that are imposed on [domestic courts](/usc/28/4101.md?p=2) by the Constitution of the United States.
- (c) **Judgment Against Provider of Interactive Computer Service.—**
  - (1) **In general.—** Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal or [State](/usc/28/4101.md?p=5) law, a [domestic court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=2) shall not recognize or enforce a [foreign judgment](/usc/28/4101.md?p=4) for [defamation](/usc/28/4101.md?p=1) against the provider of an interactive computer service, as defined in section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 230](/usc/47/230.md)) unless the [domestic court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=2) determines that the judgment would be consistent with [section 230](/usc/47/230.md) if the information that is the subject of such judgment had been provided in the United States.
  - (2) **Burden of establishing consistency of judgment.—** The party seeking recognition or enforcement of the [foreign judgment](/usc/28/4101.md?p=4) shall bear the burden of establishing that the judgment is consistent with section 230.
- (d) **Appearances Not a Bar.—** An appearance by a party in a [foreign court](/usc/28/4101.md?p=3) rendering a [foreign judgment](/usc/28/4101.md?p=4) to which this section applies shall not deprive such party of the right to oppose the recognition or enforcement of the judgment under this section, or represent a waiver of any jurisdictional claims.
- (e) **Rule of Construction.—** Nothing in this section shall be construed to—
  - (1) affect the enforceability of any [foreign judgment](/usc/28/4101.md?p=4) other than a [foreign judgment](/usc/28/4101.md?p=4) for [defamation](/usc/28/4101.md?p=1); or
  - (2) limit the applicability of section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 230](/usc/47/230.md)) to causes of action for [defamation](/usc/28/4101.md?p=1).

## Source credit

(Added Pub. L. 111–223, § 3(a), Aug. 10, 2010, 124 Stat. 2381.)