---
kind: "section"
citation: "12 U.S.C. § 5333"
title: "12"
title_heading: "Banks and Banking"
number: "5333"
heading: "Study of the effects of size and complexity of financial institutions on capital market efficiency and economic growth"
release: "119-102"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/12/5333"
units:
  - "Chapter 53 — Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection"
  - "Subchapter I — Financial Stability"
  - "Part A — Financial Stability Oversight Council"
---

# §5333. Study of the effects of size and complexity of financial institutions on capital market efficiency and economic growth

- (a) **Study required—**
  - (1) **In general—** The [Chairperson](/usc/12/5311.md?p=a-2) of the [Council](/usc/12/5301.md?p=8) shall carry out a study of the economic impact of possible financial services regulatory limitations intended to reduce systemic risk. Such study shall estimate the benefits and costs on the efficiency of [capital](/usc/12/51c.md) markets, on the financial sector, and on national economic growth, of—
    - (A) explicit or implicit limits on the maximum size of [banks](/usc/12/221a.md?p=a), [bank holding companies](/usc/12/5311.md?p=a-1), and other large [financial institutions](/usc/12/1715k.md?p=h-1-C);
    - (B) limits on the organizational complexity and diversification of large [financial institutions](/usc/12/1715k.md?p=h-1-C);
    - (C) requirements for operational separation between business units of large [financial institutions](/usc/12/1715k.md?p=h-1-C) in order to expedite resolution in case of failure;
    - (D) limits on risk transfer between business units of large [financial institutions](/usc/12/1715k.md?p=h-1-C);
    - (E) requirements to carry contingent [capital](/usc/12/51c.md) or similar mechanisms;
    - (F) limits on commingling of commercial and [financial activities](/usc/12/1467b.md?p=a-1) by large [financial institutions](/usc/12/1715k.md?p=h-1-C);
    - (G) segregation requirements between traditional [financial activities](/usc/12/1467b.md?p=a-1) and trading or other high-risk operations in large [financial institutions](/usc/12/1715k.md?p=h-1-C); and
    - (H) other limitations on the activities or structure of large [financial institutions](/usc/12/1715k.md?p=h-1-C) that may be useful to limit systemic risk.
  - (2) **Recommendations—** The study required by this section shall include recommendations for the optimal structure of any limits considered in [subparagraphs (A) through (E)](#a-2-A..a-2-E), in order to maximize their effectiveness and minimize their economic impact.
- (b) **Report—** Not later than the end of the 180-day period beginning on July 21, 2010, and not later than every 5 years thereafter, the [Chairperson](/usc/12/5311.md?p=a-2) shall issue a report to the Congress containing any findings and determinations made in carrying out the study required under [subsection (a)](#a).

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 111–203, title I, § 123, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1412.)